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pdf2txt : http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/guides/heartfal_CHINESE.pdf
Title: 心臟衰竭
Translated Text English Text
Understanding Heart Failure:
認識心臟衰竭: 解答常見的問題 Answers to Common Questions
Patient Education Handout associated
with
患者教育講義聯合密西根大學健康系統臨床護理指引 UMHS Clinical Care Guideline
This information is not a tool for self-
本份資料不能作為自我診斷的工具或代替醫療。如果您有任 diagnosis or a substitute for medical
何關於本資料的問題或顧慮，或您個人的醫療狀況，您應當 treatment. You should speak to your
health-care provider or make an
與您的醫護人員諮詢或預約就診。 appointment to be seen if you have
questions or concerns about this
information or your medical condition.
What is heart failure?
什麼是心臟衰竭？
Heart failure occurs if the heart muscle is
心臟衰竭發生於心肌無法幫打出足夠的血液來達到身體的需 unable to ("fails to") pump enough blood to
meet the body's needs. The blood begins
求。因為心臟壓縮不良，血液開始倒流，於是靜脈、組織、 to back up because the heart is not
pumping well and the veins, tissues, and
和肺部都積滿了液體。 lungs become congested with fluid. At
first, pressure in the heart rises and blood
and fluid back up into your lungs. You will
開始時，心臟內的壓力升高，血液和液體阻塞在肺部，您會 feel short of breath and get tired easily. If
覺得呼吸短促，而且很容易疲倦。如果情況持續惡化，更高 the condition gets worse, the higher
pressure causes a buildup of fluid in your
的壓力會造成您的靜脈鬱積液體，您的腳、腿和腳踝便會開 veins. Your feet, legs, and ankles will
begin to swell. The body cannot get rid of
始腫脹，您的身體無法排除這些液體。 this fluid.
Heart failure is one of the most common
在美國，心臟衰竭是造成心臟相關疾病和死亡的常因之一。 causes of heart-related illness and death
in the US.
How does it occur?
心臟衰竭是如何發生的呢？ Heart failure may result from one or more
of the following:
心臟衰竭可能是下列一種或多種問題所導致的：
•
• 冠狀動脈疾病(冠狀動脈阻塞) coronary artery disease (blockage in
the coronary arteries)
• 可能會侵害心臟的感染 • an infection that may affect your
heart
• 心臟病發作 • heart attack
• 高血壓 • high blood pressure
•
• 心臟瓣膜受損 damage to the valves inside the heart
• drinking too much alcohol
• 飲酒過量 • severe lung disease.
• 嚴重的肺部疾病
Often no cause can be found for heart
failure.
很多時候無法查出心臟衰竭的成因。
下列因素可能使心臟衰弱的人之心臟衰竭問題惡化，或引發 The following factors may worsen or
心臟衰竭的狀況: trigger heart failure in people with
weakened hearts:
• 嚴重貧血(紅血球或血紅素過低。血紅素是一種血液中 • severe anemia (low levels of red
Control #: 101 (August 2007) HF CC - CHINESE 1/5
blood cells or hemoglobin, the
攜帶氧氣的化學物質。) oxygen-carrying chemical in the
• 甲狀腺機能亢進(甲狀腺素分泌過度) blood)
• hyperthyroidism (an overactive
• 甲狀腺機能不足(甲狀腺素分泌不足) thyroid gland)
• 高燒 • hypothyroidism (an underactive
thyroid gland)
• 心跳快速 • high fever
• 飲食中攝取過多鹽分 • rapid heartbeat
•
• too much salt in the diet
喝太多流體質 • drinking too much fluid
• 超重 • being overweight
• 身體過勞 • working your body too hard
• emotional stress.
• 情緒壓力
What are the symptoms?
有何症狀? The main symptoms of heart failure are:
心臟衰竭的主要症狀有: • tiredness
• 疲倦。 • shortness of breath or trouble
breathing, at first during exercise and
• 呼吸短促或呼吸困難。剛開始發生在運動的時候，後 later with any activity or even when
you are resting
來發生於任何的活動中，甚至在休息時。 • waking up at night with trouble
• 半夜醒來呼吸困難，或是因為呼吸短促很難平躺在床 breathing or having a hard time lying
flat in bed because of shortness of
上。 breath
• 腳踝和雙腿腫脹，並且體重增加，乃因體內鬱積過多 • swollen ankles and feet and weight
gain due to too much fluid in the body
的液體所致。 • loss of appetite.
• 沒有食慾。
How is it diagnosed?
如何診斷出心臟衰竭？ Your health care provider will ask about
your symptoms and examine you.
You may have some tests, such as:
您的醫護人員會詢問有關您的症狀，並且為您作檢查。您可
能會有某些檢驗，例如: • chest x-ray to look for fluid in the
lungs and to see the size of your
heart
• 胸部 X 光檢查，用來察看肺部有無積水，並且看看心 • electrocardiogram (ECG), a
臟的大小。 recording of the electrical activity of
your heart
• 心電圖(electrocardiogram, 簡稱 ECG 或 EKG)，是一種 • blood tests
心臟電流活動的記錄。 • urine tests
•
• 血液檢驗。 echocardiogram, a sound-wave test
that can show heart size, heart
• 尿液檢驗。 function, and possible heart valve
disease.
• 超音波心動圖，是一種聲波測驗，可以顯示心臟的大
小，心臟的功能和可能的心臟瓣膜疾病。
How is it treated?
如何治療心臟衰竭呢？ The goals of treatment are:
治療的目標是: • Reduce the workload on your heart.
Control #: 101 (August 2007) HF CC - CHINESE 2/5
• 減輕心臟的負荷 • Get rid of extra water in your body.
• Improve the ability of your heart to
• 排出體內多餘的水份 pump.
• 增進心臟的壓縮能力 • Treat any problems that make your
condition worse.
• 治療任何使情況惡化的毛病
Limits on your activities will depend on
個人活動的限制是依您心臟衰竭的嚴重性來決定。大多數的 how severe your heart failure is. Most
人都受益於溫和的運動計畫。 people benefit from a gentle exercise
program
Medicines your health care provider may
您的醫護人員可能會開給您的心臟衰竭藥物是: prescribe for heart failure are:
• 血管收縮素轉化脢(angiotensin-converting enzyme,簡稱 • ACE (angiotensin-converting
enzyme) inhibitor drugs and ARB's
ACE)抑制劑藥物和血管收縮素接受器阻斷劑 (angiotensin receptor blockers),
(angiotensin receptor blockers, 簡稱 ARB)， 用來降低血 which lower blood pressure and
reduce the work the heart has to do,
壓並減少心臟的負荷；也用於阻斷某些對心臟會造成 and which also block the harmful
effects of certain hormones on the
不良效應荷爾蒙。 heart.
• 乙型交感神經阻斷劑(Beta blockers)， 用於減輕因心臟 • Beta blockers, which lessen the
effects of the high levels of
衰竭導致腎上腺素分泌增高的效應。如果一次劑量給 adrenaline caused by heart failure. If
beta blockers are given in too high a
得過高，會使心臟衰竭惡化。因此，醫護人員會在幾 dose, they may make heart failure
星期裡逐漸增加劑量。儘管您可能不覺得自己的情況 worse. Your health care provider will
increase your dose gradually over a
因這些藥物有所改善，但是經過幾個月的治療，您的 few weeks. Although you may not
feel better from these drugs, your
心臟就可能強壯起來了。 heart may get stronger after several
• 毛地黃藥物(digitalis drugs, 強心劑) ，可以減緩您的心 months of treatment.
• Digitalis drugs, which slow your heart
率，而且有助於使您心臟的壓縮更好。 rate and help your heart to pump
• 利尿劑(diuretics)，讓您排尿更多，以排除體內過多的 better.
• Diuretics, which help you get rid of
水份。 extra fluid in your body by urinating
more.
• 非 ACE 的抑制劑，降低血壓來減輕心臟負荷。 • Drugs other than ACE inhibitors that
• 便排通錠(Spironolactone)，一種利尿劑，也可以用來 lower blood pressure to reduce the
heart's workload.
阻斷一種名為血清醛固酮(aldosterone)的荷爾蒙以防止 • Spironolactone, a diuretic that also
心肌惡化。 may keep the heart muscle from
getting worse by blocking the effects
• 補鉀的藥物。因為排尿的增加造成鉀的流失。(鉀是一 of a hormone called aldosterone.
• Medicines that replace potassium
種礦物質，可以幫助維持心律正常) lost from increased urination.
• 某些非藥物的裝置，如：心臟去颤器和心律調節器。 (Potassium is a mineral that helps
maintain normal heart rhythm.)
您的醫護人員可能會推薦這些來幫助您的心臟有更好 • Though not a medication, certain
devices such as defibrillators and
的壓縮，也可在心律不整時，電擊您的心臟。 pacemakers may also be
recommended by your physician to
help your heart pump better and to
shock your heart if it goes into an
abnormal rhythm.
Ask your health care provider about
possible side effects of these drugs.
Report any side effects to him or her right
away. Take all the medicine prescribed,
Control #: 101 (August 2007) HF CC - CHINESE 3/5
even when you feel better.
詢問您的醫護人員有關上述藥物可能會有的副作用。若有任
何副作用發生時，請立即告知他們。即使在您覺得狀況已好
轉的時候也該按處方服藥，。
Your health care provider will also put you
您的醫護人員也會要求您吃低鹽飲食。例如，許多患者每天 on a low-salt (low-sodium) diet. For
攝取的鈉不可超過 2,000 毫克。詢問醫師您每天可攝取多少 example, many patients are asked to eat
no more than 2000mg of sodium per day.
鈉。過多的鈉會造成您身體積水，因而增加您心臟的負荷。 Ask your physician how much sodium is
right for you. Too much sodium causes
您也應當小心服用非處方的藥，因為有些含有高量的鈉。詢 your body to retain water, which increases
問醫護人員，那些非處方的藥是可以安心服用的。 the workload on your heart. You should be
careful about taking nonprescription drugs
because some are high in sodium. Ask
your provider which nonprescription
medicines are safe to use.
Your physician may also ask you to limit
your daily fluid intake. Ask your physician
how much fluid per day you should be
醫師可能也會要求您限制每日流質攝取量。問醫師您每天可 drinking. To follow this, you will need to
read the food labels on food containers,
以喝多少流質。為了遵照所定的量，您必須詳讀食品標示， and keep track of your daily intake.
並記錄您每日的攝取量。
How long do the effects last?
治療效果會持續多久呢？ Even with treatment, heart failure is a
serious disease. It usually means a
somewhat shortened life span. However,
即使接受了治療，心臟衰竭仍是嚴重的疾病。它通常意味著 the proper mix of medicines, reduced salt
壽命短減。然而適當的搭配用藥、減低飲食中鹽的攝取量， in your diet, and reduced physical activity
will greatly improve your symptoms.
並減少身體活動量，將大大地改善您的症狀。適當的治療通 Proper treatment can usually allow you to
return to relatively normal living.
常可以讓您回到相當的正常生活。造成您心臟衰竭的疾病將 The disease that caused your heart failure
需要在醫療上繼續密切地關注。 will continue to need close medical
attention.
How can I take care of myself?
如何自我照顧？ Learn to live within the limits of your
condition. The following guidelines may
help:
學習在您目前狀況的限制中生活。以下的建議可能會有所幫
助： • Get enough rest, shorten your
• 足夠的休息。可能的話縮短您的工作時數，並且試著減 working hours if possible, and try to
reduce the stress in your life. Anxiety
輕生活上的壓力。焦慮和憤怒都會增加心跳次數與血 and anger can increase your heart
rate and blood pressure. If you need
壓。如果您需要這方面的協助，請詢問您的醫護人員。 help with this, ask your health care
• 每天查您的脈搏。 provider.
• Check your pulse rate daily.
• 學習如何量血壓或讓家人學會量血壓。 • Learn how to take your own blood
• 接受事實─就是您將要終生服用心臟的藥物並且限制鹽 pressure or have a family member
learn how to take it.
的攝取量。小心食用鹽的替代品，其中有很多含有高量 • Accept the fact that you will need to
take medicines for your heart and
的鉀。有些治療心臟衰竭的藥物會提高血液中鉀的含 limit the salt in your diet for the rest of
量。鹽的替代品可能會造成血液中鉀的含量過高。 your life. Be careful with salt
substitutes, however. Many contain
• 自己擬定一套方法以確定您準時服藥。 high levels of potassium. Some of the
medicines used to treat heart failure
• 每兩天至少量一次體重。若可能的話，儘量在同一時間 raise the levels of potassium in your
Control #: 101 (August 2007) HF CC - CHINESE 4/5
blood. Salt substitutes may raise the
秤重。如果在一星期內您的體重增加超過 3 英磅，或者 potassium levels too high.
您的體重在過去幾星期到幾個月都在持續增加中，請與 • Develop a way to make sure that you
take your medicines on time.
您的醫護人員聯絡。體重增加可能表示您的身體有排出
• Weigh yourself at least every other
多餘水份的困難。 day, at the same time of day if
possible. Contact your health care
• 認識鉀流失的症狀，這包括肌肉痙癴，肌肉無力，煩躁 provider if you gain more than 3
pounds in 1 week, or if you keep
和有時候會有不規律心跳。 gaining weight over weeks to
months. Weight gain may mean your
body is having trouble getting rid of
• 遵照您的醫護人員所建議每日流質的攝取量。 extra fluid.
• 在您準備點心或三餐前，察閱書面飲食計畫和所建議的 • Know the symptoms of potassium
loss, which include muscle cramps,
食物。 muscle weakness, irritability, and
• 儘量不要吃喝過多。 •
sometimes irregular heartbeat.
Follow your health care provider's
• 留意您的活動，確定這不會造成您過度疲勞或呼吸短 advice on how much fluid you should
drink.
促。 • Consult a written diet plan and list of
• 避免過熱和過冷(包括泡熱水浴) ，這可能讓您的心臟負 foods before you prepare snacks or
meals.
荷更大。 • Try not to eat or drink too much.
• 保持定期的醫療約診。 • Monitor your activities to make sure
that they do not cause you to
become too tired or short of breath.
• Avoid extremes of hot and cold
(including hot tubs), which may
cause your heart to work harder.
• Keep regular medical appointments.
Updated February 2006; adapted & modified for the FIG/ST project, January 2007.
2006 年一月更新；2007 年一月根據 FIG/ST 計劃修訂
Information maintained by the UMHS Clinical Care Guidelines Committee
此資料是由密西根大學健康系統臨床醫療指引委員會維護
HF CC – CHINESE
Translated by UMHS – ISP
Translation Division. 04/07
Control #: 101 (August 2007) HF CC - CHINESE 5/5
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